TECHNOLOGIES IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
Cattle: This refers to the entire Bovine species
Cow: Female cattle of mature age which have had one or more parturitions
Heifer: Female cattle of immature age which has not produced any offspring
Bull: A mature male cattle
Calf: Young cattle of either sex less than one year old and usually not weaned Calve: Act of giving birth (parturition) in cattle
Bull Calf: Young male cattle under two years of age
Steer: Male cattle which has been castrated at early age
Stag: Male cattle which was castrated after reaching sexual maturity
Free Martin: Refers to Female cattle born as a twin along with a male cattle which is usually sexually sterile
In-calf: Pregnant cow
SWINE: Refers to entire porcine species that has reached mature age
SOW: A mature female pig that has given birth at least once
Farrowing: The act of giving birth in swine
Gilt: Female swine/pig of immature age or which has not produced any offspring
Boar: A mature male swine
Piglet: Young pig of either sex
Litter: Entire offsprings produced at a single birth (parturition)
Barrow: Male swine that has been castrated at an early age
Hog: The entire swine species reaching mature age
In-sow: Pregnant sow
SHEEP: Refers to entire ovine species
Ewe: Refers to female sheep after reaching sexual maturity and has produced one or more offsprings
Ram: Mature male sheep
Lamb: Refers to sexually immature sheep of either sex
Lambing: act of giving birth in sheep
Ram Lamb: sexually immature male sheep
Ewe lamb: Sexually immature female sheep
Wether: Male sheep castrated at an early age
Fleece: The wool of a single sheep
GOAT: Refers to the entire caprine supp
Buck or Billy: Mature male goat
Doe or Nanny: Refers to female goat that has given birth once or twice
Kid: Young or sexually immature goat of either sex
Kidding: Act of giving birth in goat
In-Kid: Pregnancy in goat
Castrate: Castrated male at an early age
POULTRY: Refers to entire avian species. These include domestic fowls, duck, goose, turkey, guinea fowl and pigeon.
Hen: Sexually mature female chicken
Cock: Sexually mature male chicken
Pullet: Sexually immature female chicken
Cockerel: Sexually immature male fowl
Capon: Male chicken castrated at an early age
Chick: Very young chicken of either sex
Chicken: Domestic fowl of either sex and of any age
Fertility: The ability of an animal to reproduce. In the case of poultry it is the percent of eggs set which develops an embryo
Set: The acts of placing eggs under a hen or in an incubator
Hatch: The emergency of chick from the egg shell
Fowl: Any vertebrate containing wings and feathers
Hatchability: The percent of eggs set which produce a living chick
RABBIT: Refers to oryctolagus cuniculus group of animals. They exist in the border line between the ruminant and the non-ruminant animals i.e. they are herbivores.
Rabbit buck: Refers to mature male rabbit
Kindling: act of giving birth
Rabbit Doe: Refers to mature female rabbit
Broiler: Poultry of either sex produced for meat purpose and slaughtered between the ages of 8 and 12 weeks and weighing from 1.6 to 2.4kg
GENERAL
Lactation: Act of milk production
Parturition: Act of giving birth to offspring
Weaning: Removal of young one from milk feeding
Concentrate: Feeds that are low in fibre but high in total digestible nutrients
Roughage: Feeds that is high in fibre but low in total digestible nutrients
Udder: refers to the milk gland of an animal
Service: This is mating, coitus, breed, sexual intercourse or copulation between male and female domestic animals. The best results are usually achieved when the female is on heat. Service can be natural or artificial. Natural service is the direct mating of male and female animals.
Artificial Insemination: Is the artificial process of placing the spermatozoa in a position for contact with the female ovum or egg by an instrument other than pennies.
Oestrus cycle: The interval from the beginning of one heat period to the start of the next
Heat or estrus: Is a regular period in the female mammals when copulation is allowed or period of sexual desire in female animal.
Libido: Period of sexual desire in male animals
Pregnancy: Period from the time of conception to the time the animal gives birth to the offspring. It is described as the growth of foetus within the uterus of the female animal.
Still birth: When the foetus is born dead after a full time pregnancy. It could be as a result of prolonged labour in which case the foetus become tired and eventually died or infectio in the uterus or accidental blow on the foetus, in the uterus.
Abortion: When the foetus is born before time. This could be as a result of disease such those caused by Brucella spp. Mixing of animals of different sources can also cause abortion e.g. when the males are still struggling to mate the pregnant female.
Parturition: The act of giving birth to offspring
Lactation: The act of producing milk
Udder: The milk gland
Wean: To cease providing milk in the ration of the young animal
Ruminant herbivore: Compartmented stomach animal e.g. cattle, sheep & goat Non ruminant herbivore: simple stomach ruminant e.g. Horse
Non herbivore: Monogastrics
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