This
article introduces us to the issue of national security and its importance for
national survival. National security is very important even for countries that
have declared neutrality in international politics such as Switzerland, Sweden
and Japan. A certain level of protection is still necessary for the safety and
well-being of their citizens and their country.
In
this article, we will also discuss the issue of foreign aid and the
establishment of the Alliance in the international system.
In
this article, you will be able to:
•
Explain the meaning of national security
•
Identify the necessary measures to ensure community safety
•
Discuss the dichotomy between national security and civil rights
•
Discuss foreign aid and international relations
•
Discuss making alliances as part of national security. Concept of national
security
National security includes
measures taken by the state to ensure its survival and security. National
security includes the prevention of attacks, from within and without, and the
protection and well-being of citizens.
Measures taken to ensure national security include:
•
Management of the military
•
Civil Defense and Emergency Preparedness Procedures
•
Efforts to build stability in the country's infrastructure
•
Facilitating intelligence operations to identify threats
•
Protection of classified information.
For
example, national security became a popular topic in the United States after
the terrorist attacks of 9/11 led many people to believe that the United States
has no national security threats.
In
many countries around the world, including the United States, terrorism is
becoming a major focus of national security policies.
As
the world's interest in national security increases, the long-forgotten
conflict between national security and civil rights has once again emerged as a
major topic of discussion.
The
controversial US Patriot Act has brought this issue to the attention of the
average citizen. The debate revolves around the question “is it right to
restrict the freedom of the people in the name of national security?
Foreign Aid
Foreign
aid, international aid or development aid is when a country helps another
country in the form of a grant or aid. This is usually to help communities with
special needs caused by poverty, underdevelopment, natural disasters, armed
conflict, etc.
The
recipients of foreign aid are developing countries (third countries) and the
donors are developed countries. Foreign aid comes with two important
characteristics - the first is that the recipient country receives aid from
willing partners who will help improve its economy in the short to medium term;
the second is that this aid comes in a political and economic situation that is
not in the best interests of the beneficiaries.
In
the case of bilateral aid, this is accompanied by economic and political
conditions. This situation may include the practice of western-style democracy,
embracing the market economy and the co-operative aspects of the exclusion and
liberalization of its economy. These requests can come from developed countries
or from organizations such as the UN, IMF and World Bank.
What
is important is that countries that receive foreign aid should consider Ab initio
what such aid means for their country.
Types of Foreign Aid
One
major form of foreign aid, development aid, is aid given by developed countries
to support the economic development of developing countries.
Humanitarian
aid, on the other hand, is short-term foreign aid that is used to alleviate the
suffering of people-caused problems such as genocide, famine or natural
disasters.
Finally,
military aid is used to assist allies in their security efforts, or to help a
poor country maintain control over its territory.
Other
types of foreign aid also exist, although most can be considered to fall into
one of the three categories listed above.
Latin American countries, as well as countries
in other parts of the world, are receiving a lot of aid to help them fight drug
trafficking and drug culture.
Many
countries receive military aid to aid in counterterrorism efforts or to help
them fight terrorism. Much of the aid given to Africa is used to fight diseases
such as AIDS and malaria.
Our
World Health Organization helps countries control epidemics such as avian flu
and (in the past) SARS. Other areas of aid to poor countries include landmines,
anti-corruption, democratization, trade liberalization, demobilization, and peace
building. Foreign aid was criticized.
The
von Mises Institute has argued that it may be a way to pay multinational
companies more than the citizens of the countries it is supposed to help.
Corruption
in many third world countries leads to diverting some aid money to private bank
accounts. Also, it can be a corruption process at home. Money, once in the
hands of corrupt dictators and released into the strong press of many Western
countries, can be brought back to corrupt politicians in many ways. And as
philanthropic as it is, it's also a little political to scrutinize such a
business.
Development
aid (also development aid, international aid, foreign aid, or foreign aid) is
aid provided by developed countries to support the economic development of
developing countries.
It
differs from humanitarian aid because it is aimed at alleviating long-term
poverty, rather than alleviating short-term suffering (foreign aid, on the
other hand, includes both development and humanitarian aid.
Some
governments include military aid in the concept of "foreign aid",
which many NGOs do not accept).
Historically,
the term used for technical assistance was technical assistance. The countries
of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which
consists of the developed countries of the world, are committed to providing
some level of development assistance to developing countries. This is called
Official Development Assistance (ODA) and is given by governments in some form
of agreement, usually in the form of soft grants.
It
is provided by the government through each country's international aid agency
(secondary aid), various organizations such as the World Bank or development
charities such as Oxfam.
Background
The
contribution of development aid must be understood in the context of the Cold
War. Harry Truman's speech announcing the founding of NATO is also a
foundational document of development policy. In addition, we will provide
military advice and weapons to independent countries that will assist us in
maintaining peace and security.
Fourth,
we will embark on a bold new initiative to make the benefits of our scientific
progress and industrial progress available for the prosperity and growth of
underdeveloped regions. More than half of the world's population lives in
extreme poverty. Their food is not enough. They are sick. Their economic life
is primitive and decaying. Their absence is a handicap and a threat to both
them and prosperous regions.
For
the first time in history, people have the knowledge and skills to alleviate
the suffering of these people. Development aid aims to provide technical
solutions to social problems without changing the social structure. The United
States often opposes even negative changes in social structure, for example the
land reform in Guatemala in the early 1950s.
ODA Figures 2004 (Example)
The
combined official development assistance of OECD countries in 2004 was US$ 78.6
billion. The United States is the world's largest donor of ODA in absolute
terms, at $19 billion, but this figure is comparable to the European Union's
combined contribution of $42.9 billion.
Expressed
as a percentage of GNI, Norway's contribution remains in the lead at 0.87%,
with the EU tied at 0.36%. The United States remains the lowest contributor to
the OECD as a percentage of GNI, at 0.16%.
The Effectiveness of Foreign Aid
Aid
effectiveness refers to the extent to which development aid works and is highly
controversial. Economists such as Peter Bauer and Milton Friedman argued in the
1960s that aid was ineffective. Many economic studies in recent years support
the idea that development aid has no effect on the rate at which a country
develops.
The
negative effects of aid can include under appreciation of the recipient's money
(known as Dutch disease), increased corruption, and negative political effects
such as the postponement of economic reforms and of democracy.
There
is also much debate about what type of development aid should be considered
effective. It is argued that many government and government subsidies do not
work because they are the only way to support important leaders. A good example
is Mobuto Sese Seko, the former dictator of Zaire, who ended Western support
after the end of the Cold War.
Another
important point of criticism is that Western countries often project their own
needs and solutions on other countries and cultures. As a result of these
criticisms, Western aid is becoming more 'endogenous', meaning that needs and
solutions are created by local cultures. It has also been said that aid based
on direct grants creates dependence on corruption, and has a negative impact on
local production.
As
a result, there has been a shift towards aid based on local resource activation
and incentive measures such as microcredit. A lot of aid has also proved
ineffective because many third world countries are developing countries where
ethnic tensions are high: sometimes one ethnic group will refuse to help to
make rival ethnic groups more competitive strength.
In
some cases, Western money from poor agriculture or other policies is wasted on
poor countries, wiping out local production and increasing dependency.
In
many cases, these loans are considered irrecoverable (for example because of
the death or disappearance of the dictator) the money is canceled by the donor
countries, which Consider it a development aid.
In
many cases, Western governments impose regulations on Western companies in an
attempt to finance them, and then ship those goods to poor countries with
nothing to offer them. These projects are sometimes referred to as "white
elephants".
Many
of the above mistakes have been made because foreign investment is always bad
for the economy: it removes money from the economy and stops economic growth.
It
of creating wealth. This is one of the reasons why some subscribe to the
"not helping but shopping" newsletter. A common criticism in recent
years is that rich countries have imposed so many conditions on aid that it has
reduced its effectiveness.
In
the example of bilateral aid, donor countries often require the recipient to
buy goods and services from the donor, even if they are cheaper than elsewhere.
Other conditions include opening the country to foreign investment, although it
may not be willing to do so.
Abhijit
Banerjee and Ruimin He of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology conducted a
rigorous review of the few independent studies of the success and failure of
aid programs. They suggest that these programs are often very good forms of aid
under normal circumstances: direct grants to families to cover children's
education costs and medical bills for school uniforms and scholarships for
selected adults and -illiterate to read and write de-worming and
vitamin/nutritional supplements vaccination against HIV/AIDS indoor spraying
program against malaria, proper mosquito nets fertilizers providing political
services clean water like which happened in 1956 when the United States and the
Soviet Union found themselves side by side of the Suez Crisis.
However,
in the post-war years, bilateral and multilateral alliances and other security
arrangements have increased, and political alliances, which include the
political-political system and diplomatic and other relations, has become an
important aspect of international relations.
This
is especially true when the alliance process is successful, as it was in the
1950s and early 1968. Although many different multilateral alliances, including
NATO, the Warsaw Pact, SEATO and CENTO, are now in disarray and have lost most
of their originals.
Purpose
and energy, the politics of NATO and other alliances continue to be a new and
important part of the study of international relations at this time. Also, an
Alliance can be defined as a legal agreement between two or more countries to
cooperate in matters of national security.
Alliance Formation
In
a rare exception, the decision to join the alliance was made by independent and
independent countries. We will examine two closely related questions about the
motives behind coalition politics.
First,
why do countries choose to engage or refrain from external intervention? There
is little agreement between the partners.
Many
place great importance on the environment, emphasizing things such as the
structure of the international system or the level of conflict and threats
between the participating countries. Some types of countries are considered
"collaborators", while others consider themselves to be independent
from foreign military alliances.
Second,
why do countries choose to join others? One condition is that countries with
similar characteristics tend to be more cooperative than similar countries.
A
different view is held by a large group of scientists who see the alliance as
an effective expression of passing, albeit fleeting, interests rather than an
expression of international emotional ties and race, culture, ideology or other
characteristics.
Finally,
there is no doubt that national security is an important part of the role of
the local government to ensure the safety of its citizens in this era. It
includes internal and external security measures including the use of military
forces, intelligence services, civil society and benevolent foreign
governments.
As
the saying goes, "home security is everyone's responsibility".
Therefore, it is important that all countries take these minimum measures to
ensure national security. Also, foreign aid, although not always desirable,
remains an important part of the foreign policy of advanced countries.
Foreign
aid, when used properly by the recipient, adds value to the economy, but when
it is misused or misused, it becomes a burden or a curse in the city. Although
wedding rings are common and important, especially during difficult times, it
seems to be popular recently.
However,
what seems to be happening is to unite the weak countries in the framework of
time, often with short-term goals. One example is the "Coalition of the willing"
that the United States formed to continue the war against Iraq.
However,
the North Atlantic Treaty Alliance (NATO) remains an important proof that the
era of alliances has not passed in the international system. We have discussed
the important issue of national security and identified the common measures to
ensure that it is not compromised. We also looked at the issue of foreign aid
and what it means for recipient countries.
In this article, we have discussed in depth the definition of the Alliance, the formation of the Alliance and the current importance.
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